I replied politely. [12] He introduced numerous small social reforms, such as reducing the voting age by three years, allowing divorce by common consent, and legalising abortion. [92] He was hospitalised again on 15 November,[93] but was discharged on 20 November. Sean Walsh [22], Throughout his political career, Giscard was a proponent of a greater European Union. "The Advancement of Women in Giscard d'Estaing's 'Advanced Liberal Society'. [12][14] He acceded to the Tax and Revenue Service, then joined the staff of Prime Minister Edgar Faure (1955–1956). [49], In the 1981 presidential election, Giscard took a severe blow to his support when Chirac ran against him in the first round. [30] He promoted nuclear power, as a way to assert French independence. He promoted liberalisation of trade. [12][11] In this, he criticised the "solitary practice of the power" and summarised his position towards De Gaulle's policy by a "yes, but ...". The biggest reform of Giscard’s presidency was to make France a builder of Europe. Photograph: AFP. C’est « entouré de sa famille » que s’est éteint dans la soirée du mercredi 2 décembre dans la propriété familiale d’Authon (Loir-et-Cher), l’ancien président de la République, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing. Giscard had in fact been De Gaulle’s finance minister, a 1960s. Valéry Marie René Giscard d'Estaing was born on 2 February 1926 in Koblenz, Germany, during the French occupation of the Rhineland. [15], In 1956, he was elected to the National Assembly as a deputy for the Puy-de-Dôme département, in the domain of his maternal family. “Monsieur le President, the Albanians are a small nation just to the north of Greece, which was let into Europe 40 years ago as a small backward nation, with pre-modern politics, hopelessly corrupt, recently under military dictatorship. He was the longest-lived French president in history (94 years and 304 days). [41], He promoted creation of the European Council at the Paris Summit in December 1974. Giscard went from seminar to seminar and, as chair of one of them, I had to explain the purpose of the clock in front of each speaker which showed how much time each platform participant had left. [69], From 2001 to 2004 he served as President of the Convention on the Future of Europe. More precisely, Valery Giscaird D'Estaing was Secretary of State and Minister of Finance (1959-1966) and Minister of Economy during the presidency of Georges Pompidou (1969-1974). As Minister of Health she carried out other pro-women reforms. His seven-year-long presidency of France from 1974, when he was elected aged 48, to 1981, when the socialist François Mitterrand took over, oversaw the transformation of this deeply traditionalist, conservative and then still Catholic country. Daniel Johnson [88], Giscard wrote his second romantic novel, published on 1 October 2009 in France, entitled The Princess and the President. After that, he went off to the rigorous mandarin-type schooling of the French higher education schools that train the nation’s elite. [20] As chairman of the National Assembly Committee on Finances, he criticised his successor in the cabinet. While British journalism was falling under the sway of Rupert Murdoch and his loyal right-wing editors, who prepared the way for the decade of Thatcher’s politics, the 1968 generation of journalists and publishers in France were producing new newspapers and extending French publishing or radio stations. 20 JAN 2021, by "A great European who will keep inspiring us, "Europe's premier Parliamentarian receives 2004 Charlemagne Prize", "Former French President Valery Giscard d'Estaing Visits the Holy Family Hospital in Bethlehem", "22nd June 1976: Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh with President Valery Giscard d'Estaing of France and his wife before a state banquet at Buckingham Palace", Official List of Knights of the Order of the Elephant, Biography on the French National Assembly website, First and second-round results of French presidential elections, Minister of Finance and Economics Affairs, Anne-Pierre, marquis de Montesquiou-Fézensac, Armand-Emmanuel de Vignerot du Plessis, duc de Richelieu, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Valéry_Giscard_d%27Estaing&oldid=1000626608, Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in France, French military personnel of World War II, National Centre of Independents and Peasants politicians, Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit (France), Collars of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Isabella the Catholic, Grand Crosses Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany, Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with Danish-language sources (da), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from December 2020, Pages using S-rel template with ca parameter, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cameron, David R. "The dynamics of presidential coalition formation in France: from Gaullism to Giscardism. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing est décédé ce mercredi 2 décembre 2020, à l’âge de 94 ans. In truth, most of his provisions were incorporated in the 2008 Lisbon Treaty. 19 JAN 2021, by “It’s a clock, Monsieur le Président, and it tells you time’s up.”  He snorted in a very Giscard way and finished his point. [22], In 1974, after the sudden death of President Georges Pompidou, Giscard announced his candidacy for the presidency. [26] At 48, he was the third youngest president in French history at the time, after Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte and Jean Casimir-Perier. [69] From 1989 to 1991, he was also chairman of the Liberal and Democratic Reformist Group. [55] He has also served on the Trilateral Commission after being president, writing papers with Henry Kissinger. In 2003, he was elected to the Académie Française, taking the seat that his friend and former president of Senegal Léopold Sédar Senghor had held. [71] Although the Constitution was rejected by French voters in May 2005, Giscard continued to actively lobby for its passage in other European Union states. [37] He did not commute three of the death sentences that he had to decide upon during his presidency. [12], Giscard's private life was the source of many rumours at both national and international level. He died surrounded by his family at his estate in central France, the AFP news agency reported. It contributed to Giscard losing his 1981 reelection bid. 19 JAN 2021, © 2021 TheArticle. [90], On 14 September 2020, Giscard d'Estaing was hospitalised for care for breathing complications at the Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou in Paris. [62] Some of his actions there, such as his campaign in favour of the Treaty establishing the European Constitution, were criticised as unbecoming to a member of this council, which should embody nonpartisanship and should not appear to favour one political option over the other. Ce mercredi 2 décembre, Valéry Giscard d’Estaing est décédé des suites du Covid-19 à l'âge de 94 ans. [18][19], However, in 1966, he was dismissed from the cabinet. Giscard got his delayed revenge when he campaigned for and won a reduction in the term of the French presidency from General de Gaulle’s seven years to five, but Chirac won two five-year terms, so died having just beaten his rival of the 1970s. Millerand held the presidency in an acting capacity before being fully elected. TGV railways connected the regions of France — some feat, as the country is twice the size of Britain. [16] He joined the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP), a conservative grouping. [91] He was later diagnosed with a lung infection. [57] Most of the UDF politicians supported the candidacy of the RPR Prime Minister Édouard Balladur at the 1995 presidential election, but Giscard supported his old rival Jacques Chirac, who won the election. [56], He hoped to become prime minister during the first "cohabitation" (1986–88) or after the re-election of Mitterrand with the theme of "France united", but he was not chosen for this position. [60] Following his retirement from the National Assembly his son Louis Giscard d'Estaing was elected in his former constituency. ", "Fromer President Gerald R. Ford stands with Vice President Dick Cheney", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and Edouard Balladur, Jacques Chirac's best enemies", "L'UMP tente un nouvel assaut en Auvergne", "France's New Five-Year Presidential Term", "Giscard: France's rejection of the Constitution was a 'mistake, La Chiraquie veut protéger son chef quand il quittera l'Elysée, "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing soutient François Fillon", "Le "parti de l'étranger" et "le bruit et l'odeur", les précédents dérapages de Jacques Chirac", "Lisbon Treaty made to avoid referendum, says Giscard", "Yes to simplified treaty, No to a mutilated text", "Roche regrets 'distortion' of Giscard quote on Lisbon", "Lisbon No campaign was 'dishonest' in misusing his quote, says Giscard", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Honorary President of Atomium-EISMD", "The Honorary President of Atomium Culture Valéry Giscard d'Estaing speaks at the public launch and first conference, Atomium Culture", "Atomium Culture: Bienenstock der Intelligenz – Atomium Culture – Wissen", "Highlights of the Public Launch and First Conference of Atomium-EISMD", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing : un roman et des souvenirs", "French get peek at all the presidents' women", "Hemeroteca La Vanguardia, November 30th 1974 (Spanish)", "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, Ex-French President, Accused of Groping Journalist", "Giscard d'Estaing a victim of chateau slump", "France's former president Giscard d'Estaing, 94, hospitalised", "El expresidente francés Giscard d'Estaing, de 94 años, hospitalizado por una infección pulmonar", "Former French President Giscard d'Estaing hospitalized", "L'ancien président Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est sorti de l'hôpital", L'ancien président Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est mort, VALÉRY GISCARD D'ESTAING EST MORT À L'ÂGE DE 94 ANS, "French ex-president Giscard laid to rest in low-key ceremony", "Macron declares national day of mourning for Giscard d'Estaing on December 9", "French ex-President Valery Giscard d'Estaing dies of Covid", "Merkel Mourns Loss Of 'Great European' Giscard D'Estaing", "Giscard d'Estaing: a tribute from Sassoli, Michel and Von der Leyen. He’s now calling for Albania to be let into Europe?”. "[80] A few days before he had signed, together with the President of Atomium Culture Michelangelo Baracchi Bonvicini, the European Manifesto of Atomium Culture. On 25 September 1974, Giscard summed up his goals: To reform the judicial system, modernize social institutions, reduce excessive inequalities of income, develop education, liberalize repressive legislation, develop culture. All rights reserved, Latest on Brexit Le président s'est éteint. "Economics and politics in France: Economic performance and mass political support for Presidents Pompidou and Giscard d'Estaing. Oil imports, whose price had shot up, were limited. Veil confronted the abortion issue.[27][28]. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing qui s’est éteint à l’âge de 94 ans des suites du Covid-19 appartenait à la noblesse. [36] Although he said he had "deep aversion against capital punishment", Giscard claimed in his 1974 campaign that he would apply the death penalty to people committing the most heinous crimes. [24] In the election, Giscard finished well ahead of Chaban-Delmas in the first round, though coming second to Mitterrand. [75][76][77], In 2008 he became the Honorary President of the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture. Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (UK: /ˌʒiːskɑːr dɛˈstæ̃/,[2] US: /ʒɪˌskɑːr -/,[3][4] French: [valeʁi maʁi ʁəne ʒɔʁʒ ʒiskaʁ dɛstɛ̃] (listen); 2 February 1926 – 2 December 2020), also known as Giscard or VGE, was a French politician who served as President of France from 1974 to 1981.[5]. Debatable or disputed rulers are in italics. [47][11], The Diamonds Affair, known in France as l'affaire des diamants, was a major political scandal in the Fifth Republic. That treaty brought back old Treaty language, including the reference to “an ever-closer union of the peoples of Europe”, which as Europe Minister, I had excised from the final text of the constitution. The point about Giscard d’Estaing was that he loved a good argument. Valéry Giscard d’Estaing, ancien président de la république (1974-1981), est décédé des suites du Covid à l’âge de 94 ans. [22] He took a ride on the Métro, ate monthly dinners with ordinary Frenchmen, and even invited garbage men from Paris to have breakfast with him in the Élysée Palace. But it was his intimate partnership with Helmut Schmidt, Chancellor of West Germany and a man of the same generation, that laid the foundation of the modern European Union. Giscard entered and left office a young man, but his seven years as President saw more reforms in France and one of the fastest modernisations of the nation in history, as well as laying the foundations of today’s European Union. He was in the Resistance as a teenager in the war, and joined the Free French army that helped to liberate France and entered Germany. Sophie has 9 jobs listed on their profile. The super-brain of Valery Giscard d’Estaing (1926-2020), who had said in the aftermath of the reunification of Germany and of the European continent in 1989-90, that it was now necessary to go “faster than history” to make Europe, was the opposite of Charles de Gaulle, the French demigod, and also of the elitist Jacques Chirac. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. [12] His foreign policy was remembered for his close relationship with West German Chancellor Helmut Schmidt, and together they persuaded Europe's lesser economic powers to collaborate and form new permanent organisations, especially the European Monetary System and the G-7 system. He reduced the voting age to 18. In 1975 he invited the heads of government from West Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States to a summit in Rambouillet, to form the Group of Six major economic powers (now the G7, including Canada). [11] He then joined the French First Army and served until the end of the war. [78] On 27 November 2009, Giscard publicly launched the Permanent Platform of Atomium Culture during its first conference, held at the European Parliament,[79] declaring: "European intelligence could be at the very root of the identity of the European people. Giscard was born in the same year as the Queen: 1926. [11] In the run-off on 20 May, however, Giscard narrowly defeated Mitterrand, receiving 50.7% of the vote. The package was not very popular, but was pursued with vigor. [12][10] Giscard refused to resign and founded the Independent Republicans (RI), which became the junior partner of the Gaullists in the "presidential majority". [11], For that reason the Gaullists refused to re-elect him to that position after the 1968 legislative election. [25], In 1974, Giscard was elected President of France, defeating Socialist candidate François Mitterrand by 425,000 votes. There were measures to restore the trade balance, and support the growth of the economy and employment. [47] However, the growing unpopularity of that government led Giscard to begin distancing himself from Bokassa. Why does France now love him? [54], In 1982, along with his friend Gerald Ford, he co-founded the annual AEI World Forum. [12] In 1978, he was for this reason the obvious target of Jacques Chirac's Call of Cochin, denouncing the "party of the foreigners". Valéry Giscard d'Estaing est mort, ce mercredi 2 décembre, à l'âge de 94 ans. [39], After his defeat, Giscard retired temporarily from politics. The former French president has died at just the moment when the members of the European Council — a body that he could justly claim to have invented in 1974 — are about to set in motion a Conference on the Future of Europe. [45] In 1977, in the Opération Lamantin, he ordered fighter jets to deploy in Mauritania and suppress the Polisario guerrillas fighting against Mauritania. [72], Giscard d'Estaing attracted international attention at the time of the June 2008 Irish vote on the Lisbon Treaty. [83] His family did not live in the presidential Élysée Palace, and The Independent reported on his affairs with women. We are the only publication that’s committed to covering every angle. [10] He was also known simply as l'Ex, particularly during the time he was the only living former president. [39] Raymond Barre, called the "best economist in France" at the time, succeeded him. [84], In May 2020, Giscard was accused of groping a German journalist's buttocks during an interview in 2018. We have an important contribution to make, one that’s needed now more than ever, and we need your help to continue publishing throughout the pandemic. [61], Following his narrow defeat in the regional elections of March 2004, marked by the victory of the left wing in 21 of 22 regions, he decided to leave partisan politics and to take his seat on the Constitutional Council as a former president of the Republic. [63] Indeed, the question of the membership of former presidents in the council was raised at this point, with some suggesting that it should be replaced by a life membership in the Senate. Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, France's president from 1974 to 1981, has died at the age of 94. [34] However, when he learned that most Frenchmen were somewhat cool to this display of informality, Giscard became so aloof and distant that his opponents frequently attacked him as being too far removed from ordinary citizens. Giscard set up the G7 with Jimmy Carter, who is still alive at 96. Mort mercredi soir des suites du Covid, à l'âge de 94 ans, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing a marqué la société française. [87][86] It was put up for sale in 2008 for €3 million[86] and is now the property of the Valéry Giscard d'Estaing Foundation. [17] After the proclamation of the Fifth Republic, the CNIP leader Antoine Pinay became Minister of Economy and Finance and chose him as Secretary of State for Finances from 1959 to 1962. [85] He denied the accusation. He is the elder son of Jean Edmond Lucien Giscard d'Estaing (29 March 1894 – 3 August 1982), a high-ranking civil servant, and his wife, Marthe Clémence Jacqueline Marie (May) Bardoux (6 May 1901 – 13 March 2003). Pas mal. [21][11], During the 1969 presidential campaign he supported the winning candidate Georges Pompidou, after which he returned to the Ministry of Economy and Finance. Giscard believed there was a secret pact between Mitterrand and Chirac, two deeply cynical men, to bury their ideological differences in order to defeat him at the 1981 election. [11] He was fluent in German. "Breaking the Gaullian Mould: Valéry Giscard d'Estaing and the Modernisation of French Presidential Communication. [65] He supported the creation of the centrist Union of Democrats and Independents in 2012 and the introduction of same-sex marriage in France in 2013. We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. [97], President Emmanuel Macron released a statement describing Giscard d'Estaing as a "servant of the state, a politician of progress and freedom";[11] the president declared a national day of mourning for Giscard d'Estaing on 9 December. [58] That same year Giscard suffered a setback when he lost a close election for the mayoralty of Clermont-Ferrand. [11] His funeral and burial was held on 5 December in Authon with forty people attending the event. It included a 3-month price freeze; a reduction in the value added tax; wage controls; salary controls; a reduction of the growth in the money supply; and increases in the income tax, automobile taxes, luxury taxes and bank rates. [48] This action was also controversial, particularly since Dacko was Bokassa's cousin and had appointed Bokassa as head of the military, and unrest continued in the Central African Republic leading to Dacko being overthrown in another coup in 1981.

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